Jane Austens Persuasion Essay Example for Free

Jane Austens Persuasion Essay Jane Austen is a fruitful great sentiment writer, one of her numerous books is Persuasion, a novel that depicts love. She distributed six books that all identify with the subject of adoration and marriage alongside the outcomes of settling on that significant choice. While the novel Persuasion is impractically good, there are thoughts introduced about marriage that are not exceptionally engaging. The fundamental story of the novel was the get-together of Anne and her broke love with, Captain Wentworth. In spite of the fact that they were earnestly infatuated, the relationship was dismissed by her dad and Mrs. Russell from a monetary and social class viewpoint. The consummation of the story carries us to a wonderful joyfully ever after, where the commitment of Anne and Captain Wentworth happens. The get-together of the couple, prompted bliss for the two and that was such concerned them. There are relationships nonetheless, that are uncooperatively performed. A few relationships as a rule fill the need of money related guide or social versatility for the critical other who is less blessed, for this situation it is generally the ladies. This is obvious with Mrs. Earth and her longing to wed Sir Walter for riches or Mr. Elliot and his longing to wed Anne to become baronet. Marriage in Regency England was utilized as a vehicle for some, things (Pack 2012) . Subsequently, Jane Austen discloses to her viewpoint of women’s thought of why they ought to wed during that timeframe. In general, the thoughts of marriage would be bliss; social class and riches are what convinces the majority of the ladies into wedding in Regency England. â€Å"Why should the individuals be miserable? Are there not landed upper class, nation parsons, and even affluent maritime leaders for them to wed? Ruoff 2012)† For a fruitful marriage relationship includes the commitment and warmth of the two accomplices. Over the span of the novel, the best and substance relationship would be Anne Captain Wentworth. Despite the fact that their relationship was unapproved and ignored by the older folks of the family, the two of them knew from time that they were intended for one another. Jane Austen utilizes Anne and Captain Wentworth for instance, as opposed to different relationships present in the novel to uncover her confidence in the chance of â€Å"good† relationships. The considerable proportion of affection union with the others in the novel obviously passes on Jane Austen’s assessment on upbeat relationships; showing that maybe bliss in marriage is simply an issue of possibility. The adoration relationship with Anne Elliot and Captain Wentworth before all else was exceptionally solid; paying little heed to their partition it is as yet kept on being one. You penetrate my spirit. I am half misery, half expectation. Disclose to me not that I am past the point of no return, that such valuable emotions are gone until the end of time. I offer myself to you again with a heart much more your own than when you nearly broke it, eight and a half years back. Dare not state that a man overlooks sooner than lady, that his affection has a prior death. I have adored none yet you. Crooked I may have been, frail and angry I have been, however never changeable. (Austen, page 177) When Captain Wentworth says this to Anne its depicts his unequivocal love towards Anne which is valid, paying little heed to her breaking their commitment when Lady Russell disheartens her from the commitment. He enthusiastically expressed reality of his sentiments which shows the way that he had adored no one and thought of no one other than Anne. In this novel Captain Wentworth was depicted by Jane Austen as a character to show the estimation of men’s love. â€Å"What was generally off-base to Jane Austen was to wed without at any rate fondness if not love. Continuously disparaged when young ladies and their moms go into secure relationships more than love† (mind and astuteness of Jane Austen 2012). In all the books that Jane Austen has composed it indicated the amount of a devotee she was enamored relationships and how she viewed it as. Austen felt that adoration ought to be appeared in all connections inside the accomplices. At the point when different reasons of marriage were viewed it returned to the need of ladies. When taking a gander at this contention be that as it may, men likewise have the equivalent standing and judgments with respect to the choice of marriage. All through this story Austen brings up and ridicules the characters that decided to get hitched for security of themselves over joy of their lives. For instance, Mary was demonstrated to be pompous, griping, and indiscreet mother since she thought about social class more. The same amount of as men demonstrating their expressions of love and satisfaction towards their accomplices, ladies likewise show a similar measure of fondness and bliss however now and again women’s love towards their accomplice is more prominent than anticipated contrasted with men. In the event that I adored a man as she cherishes the Admiral, I would consistently be with him, nothing should ever isolate us, and I would prefer to be toppled by him, than driven securely by any other person. (Austen, page 61). When Louisa says this line it depicts that a nother character who had faith in adoration relationships. This statement calls attention to the profundities of a women’s love in Austen’s point of view, giving her comprehension of adoration and how it ought to be seen. The adequacy of this line demonstrates that it is difficult for a lady to acknowledge love and it’s similarly as significant as whatever other choice that you would ever make in your life. Their association, she accepted, couldn't isolate her more from other men, than their last partition. (21. 2). At the point when Anne says this statement it shows her genuine love towards Captain Wentworth and that there will be no other man other than him to supplant her adoration, it likewise shows that much following seven years she loved constantly Captain Wentworth as yet lamenting her activities. This demonstrates ladies pay attention to their affection and that it is solid. â€Å"†¦ is the main man she can cherish †¦ she in distress and lose magnificence and youth in disclosing regret† (Kavanagh 2012). This statement uncovers the distress of a lady when she needs to part from her accomplice, it utilizes symbolism to more readily outline the sentiments of a lady when she experiences this. It identifies with Anne since this is the manner by which she felt when she needed to break the commitment among her and Captain Wentworth; and the amount she lamented creation that choice. Marriage is a significant factor when it came to ladies particularly when it either lifts their societal position or cut it down. All through the story, Austen for the most part depicts the criticalness of social positioning in the public eye relationships. She envisioned out which couples were progressively fruitful in the relationships, for instance, the Crofts whom were all around coordinated when it came to economic wellbeing. The greater part of the ladies in this novel are put out as needing to wed for high situation in social status. One of the relationships was Mary, it helps the reason for marriage however it doesn't show the genuine importance of marriage. â€Å"He thought it a corrupting alliance† (Austen, page 18). Toward the finish of the novel, Anne and Wentworth are joined together yet in the first place they were opposed particularly by Sir Walter in light of the fact that Wentworth had no social positioning. Especially, to the individuals of higher positions, social class was massively significant paying little heed to what the circumstance may be. Regardless of what the condition was, one doesn't wed beneath their own class. Taking a gander at Anne’s point of view, her being a Baronet’s little girl couldn't wed Wentworth who was not of social status or it was disapproved of in the public eye and carried disfavor to the family. Westgate Buildings! said he, and who is Miss Anne Elliot to visit in Westgate Buildings? A Mrs Smith. A widow Mrs Smith; and who was her significant other? One of 5,000 Mr Smiths whose names are to be met with all over the place. What's more, what is her fascination? That she is old and wiped out. Upon my promise, Miss Anne Elliot, you have the most remarkable taste! Everything that revolts others, low organization, immaterial rooms, foul air, sickening affiliations are welcoming to you. In any case, unquestionably you may put off this old woman till to-morrow: she isn't so close to her end, I assume, yet that she may would like to see one more day. ( Austen, page 14). The utilization of this statement helps Austen’s crowd the outcome to remember wedding of low class. Since Mrs. Smith wedded somebody of a low class she was disliked the individuals who were over her like Sir Walter. â€Å"Jane Austen’s books do confirm the estimation of a social request is undeniable† (Ruoff 2012). When Jane Austen kept in touch with her books she was amazingly cautious about how social class functioned in relationships and the significance it gave in any event, for the littlest issues, social class was right around an issue of crucial. Marriage was undisputable. Ladies expected to discover a spouse with a high status to keep up close to home status. Mary had only associated herself with an old nation group of decency and enormous fortune, and had thusly given all the respect (chap 1 page 3). Mary like her dad was worried about her own sculptures and decided to get hitched to a well off and regarded family. Since she was hitched into a family like that she was given all the respect and regard naturally paying little mind to what she was previously. Here Austen shows that marriage in Mary’s case was to redesign her social positioning and it shows the relationship of Mary and Charles is fairly flimsy and nor do they love one another. Marriage here was appeared as a social versatility. â€Å"†¦by her pride, the Elliot pride† (Austen, pages 65). When Louisa said this, a devotee of affection relationships, proposed the pride that she had towards her significant other, his family and herself. Mary is totally pleased with her hitched life in light of the fact that as Baron’s little girl she held up the pride of the Elliot’s name and wedded into a deferential family. Despite the fact that she doesn't have a cheerful existence, she is satisfied with the position that she has in the public eye from the marriage she had. Ja

The White Hotel Essay Example For Students

The White Hotel Essay Created with pictures of death, love, want and life, D.M. Thomas tale, The White Hotel, takes perusers on a sudden recorded voyage through one of the universes most astonishing occasions. Described in the first and third individual, just as with an omniscient storyteller, Thomas starts in the story immediately creating turmoil on the perusers part. From that point the story proceeds toward the start and gives us a closure that isn't a completion yet a fresh start for the primary character, Lisa Erdman. Every part is nearly its own element however numerous equals and images can be found in each, connecting them into a durable story and a web growing with significance and desperate feelings of an unavoidable future. Lisas sonnet and composition, Don Giovanni (Chapter 1) and The Gastein Journal (Chapter 2) gives pieces of information and suggests explicitly to the part entitled The Sleeping Carriage (Chapter 5) where the terrible truth of Babi Yar and the Holocaust are obviously set dow n for the peruser. Lisas own background and fears are additionally defended in Chapter 5 and the occasions that lead up to her demise in Babi Yar. The last equal that I will investigate is the one present between Chapters 1 and 2 and The Camp (Chapter 6) where a perusers conviction must be suspended and life reestablishes each one of those that passed on in the former sections. We will compose a custom article on The White Hotel explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now At long last, I will put Lisa on the love seat (much like Freud did in Chapter 3, Frau Anna G.) and investigate an assortment of psychoanalytic speculations and guard components and perceive how the character of Lisa concerns them and how she has shown them all through the novel. Equals and SymbolismThe mystical characteristics that Lisa has doesn't get evident until Freuds letter in which he advises her, It is certain that you are particularly touchy (196) and when the occasions of Babi Yar happen in Chapter 5. Various equals happen, that lone a couple can be introduced consequently. Parts 1 and 2, in which Lisas beautiful nature surfaces, suggests and legitimately matches the occasions driving up and happening at Babi Yar. Similarly as the fire expended a segment of the White Hotel, a fire devoured the focal point of the city where Lisa and Kolya lived in Chapter 5. In the last fire, an elderly person realized the remark that the Germans could be reprimanding the â€Å"Yids† for that fire. This can likewise be a corresponding with the fire in the White Hotel. Lisa’s enthusiasm and sexual abundance could be to be faulted for the fire that bursted inside the inn: â€Å"I couldn't stop myself I was on fire/from the principal spreading of my thig hs† (15). Her uplifted sexual fervor instigated such a brutal upheaval of energy that the inn itself burst into blazes. The tremendous amount of killed people and the shrewd that the Germans had brought was gone before by a fire that endeavored to scrub the city of such underhanded, yet tragically fizzled. The White Hotel fire can likewise be contrasted with the consuming of these slaughtered bodies. Similarly as energy is a feeling of fire, so is abhor. Disdain provoked the Germans to burn down the bodies to take into consideration more executions to proceed. â€Å"She bumbled over a root, got herself and ran on blindly† (31). With this first sentence, Lisa gives us the impression of being pursued with the aim of being slaughtered in Chapter 2. The possibility of the officers inertly smoking while she envisioned herself transforming into a tree and surrendering the quest matches her battle for escape in Chapter 5 from Babi Yar. She makes various endeavors to evade, including giving her Ukrainian visa, however dissimilar to in Chapter 2, Lisa couldn't get away. â€Å"A German completed his espresso and walked around a machine gun† (247). Her envisioning of the disregard of the chasing fighters is reviewed again with the detachment of the German terminating crew. The presence of the young man in the two occurrences happened, yet similarly as the kid blurred away in Chapter 2, he was executed in Chapter five and Lisa made due in both, â€Å"a part of her continued living with these survivors†(250). .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6 , .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6 .postImageUrl , .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6 , .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6:hover , .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6:visited , .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6:active { border:0!important; } .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6:active , .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u903fb59b58cb24 853648e346e310d4e6 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u903fb59b58cb24853648e346e310d4e6:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Food Consumption Among American Teenagers Health N EssayA last equal between Chapters 2, 3 and 5 that I will make is that of the viciousness and sex present in the two scenes. Both the brutality and the sex intermix. While lying broken and half dead, Lisa was assaulted with a knife as though being desolated outwardly was insufficient and her inner parts must be attacked. A couple of stanzas in Lisa’s sonnet give the deception of assaulting and impalement in her sexual relationship with the fighter: â€Å"that night he nearly burst my cunt apart† (18), â€Å"your child skewered me† (19). This fantasy of savage ry and sex can likewise be found in her fantasy on page 20: â€Å"I was pierced/upon a swordfish.† The last examples foreshadowed the brutality and mercilessness, just as the agony that could be endured when sex mixes with viciousness in Chapter 5. A portion of the equals that are clearly connected to her experience and which show itself in Chapter 5 is that of the agony present in her left bosom and ovary. The step conveyed by the plundering fighter to her bosom and pelvis at long last clarified these torments which were illogical. Likewise her windedness, which in some cases made it hard for her to talk, can be viewed as an image for the constrained quietness she needed to suffer at the base of Babi Yar: â€Å"she articulated no sound† (248). Freud in Chapter 3 implied this could have been a side effect of what had happened when she was fifteen (94), however this can likewise be viewed as a portending of her constrained quiet in endeavor to endure. Parts 2 and 3 additionally give images and equals to Chapter 6 where Lisa and others were restored. In both Freud is spoken to however not so much tended to by Lisa. She doesn't remember him in the White Hotel as the minister, however she recognizes him in the Camp and she realizes that he was additionally the cleric in her sonnet and exposition: â€Å"she unexpectedly understood that the old, drying-out minister in her diary had been Freud† (260). The fighter is additionally in both and had a dismissal to her â€Å"bleeding† (her monthly cycle). In the camp the warrior â€Å"did wouldn't fret that she was bleeding† (261), similarly as the officer at the White Hotel â€Å"was not upset† when she â€Å"told her sweetheart the awful news† (45). Her assault, which without a doubt likewise caused her to drain, didn't detract from her sexuality and her womanhood. This confirmation by the trooper that it was okay even with the blood, reestablished Lisa as a lady paying little mind to the terrible sex act which could have effectively de-feminized and de-sexed her. The soldier’s assault and de-refining endeavor in the demonstration of an anomalous and difficult sex/viciousness act was crushed since the warriors gave an insistence that it was alright in spite of the blood that she had shed. She was as yet a lady in their eyes. One last equal that can be made between the sections is that of parenthood and supporting. In the two segments, Lisa breastfeeds and is breastfed. Breastfeeding is a sustaining and consoling act that a mother accommodates her youngster. This set up the place of refuge of the Camp and partners Lisa to her mom in their womanhood and parenthood. In the two areas Lisa is unquestionably a mother, while in her genuine she was unable to understand having kids, and just turned into a stage mother late in her life and not based on her very own preference. Likewise, as Freud notes in Chapter 3, â€Å"the youngster sucking at the maternal bosom has become the model of each rel

5 Smart Ways To Green Up Your Tech

5 Smart Ways To Green Up Your Tech Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5 Smart Ways To Green Up Your TechUpdated On 16/05/2014Author : Missy DiazTopic : TechnologyShort URL : http://hbb.me/1vd8yD6 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogIn a nutshell, greening your tech means to perform in all areas of technology while causing minimal or no harm to the environment. The boom of eco has inspired companies that manufacture tech related products and services to offer more sustainable options, but we as the users can do even more to ensure the cleanliness and health of the environment. Below are a few practical tips to help you get started.Five Smart Ways to Green up Your TechBuy Green: One of the smartest ways to green your tech is to purchase eco-friendly products. Sustainable options like bamboo monitors and flash drive casings, as well as refurbished smart phones, printers and tablets are widely available. Buying green cuts down on pollution and lessens the demand for fossil fuels and other non-renewable resourcesEco Printing: There are several ways in which to print more green; printing on both sides of the paper means that you use and buy less paper. Using recycled ink cartridges instead of virgin ones ensures that they won’t sit in landfills. And using green fonts like Ecofont (prints with holes) will cut down your use of ink, which also means you will be buying and using less ink.Support Green Web Hosting: Costing about the same as the traditional, eco web hosting uses alternative methods of energy that can include renewable wind and solar power. Greening your website is a small act that inspires a BIG positive environment reaction.READ5 Secure and Convenient File Sharing Options That You Can Try Right NowSolar Charging: Solar power is not just for rooftops, in fact the power of the sun can be used to generate power to anything that uses PV (Photovoltaics), and currently on the market there is stand-alone solar charge rs as well as ones integrated in bags. So use the power of the sun instead of plugging in to charge your tech products.Recycle/Donate: The trash is no place for your broken monitor or out of date phone, objects such as these should be recycled back to the manufacture or to a specialty recycling center. Unwanted tech products that are still in working condition can be donated or even sold instead of trashed.These are just a few examples of how easy it really is to green your tech. Eco awareness is growing at a rapid rate, and even more sustainable advances will come from that growth, making it easy for us to maintain the health of our environment.Want to be more Green? We have some useful stuffs for you : HOW TO: Manage A Successful Green BlogGreen Web Hosting [Simple Guide]4 Tips To Start Non-Profit Green Organization On WordPressThis article is written by Missy Diaz. She provides information on hosts for python service providers on the web.

Negative Effects Of Snapchat On Society - 1558 Words

Snapchat is a very popular app used to send temporary messages and pictures that disappear after a certain time. Snapchat became so popular because people like to use it to talk to one another. There are many positive and negative effects snapchat has on society. Some positive effects Snapchat has on society is that it can strengthen relationships, and help you to keep in touch with people you are close to. Some negative effects of Snapchat are that it can ruin relationships, cause tension between people, and have real life effects on your opportunities. These effects vary from how we function socially to some very real consequences. I found a scholarly article from Pennsylvania State University titled, â€Å"Snapchat with real life†¦show more content†¦My mother’s jaw dropped, and she instantly lost all respect for her. Let’s just say my girlfriend wasn’t allowed over the house after that. I broke up with her pretty quickly.† This changed how he functioned socially with his girlfriend, instead of choosing an appropriate time to be sexual the app Snapchat enabled his girlfriend to send him naked photos. Some real life consequences of Snapchatting these photos are he broke up with his girlfriend and his mom lost all respect for his girlfriend. Snapchat can distract you from doing work. Some ways Snapchat can do this are by constant notifications popping up, and making you want to keep contact with someone. The second story in the article is about how Elizabeth grades suffered due to her being distracted by snapchat. As Elizabeth Snow states in the article, â€Å"While I read my notes, my mind was somewhere else, waiting for the next Snapchat to arrive. Instead of thinking about formulas, I was thinking about witty captions for the next photo I’d send him. When the day of the test came, I went blank. I didn’t know how to calculate residuals, but I could definitely draw an accurate map of all Henry’s freckles.† Snapchat changed how Elizabeth functioned socially. Instead of going and trying to talk with this guy in real life, she decided to Snapchat him, which in the long run could lead to a socially awkward relationship. Elizabeth Snapchatting hadShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And The Social Platfor m1412 Words   |  6 Pagesquickly. Text messaging has become very widespread which then led to new levels of social media applications to be formed such as Twitter, Snapchat, Instagram, You Tube. These apps are easy to access through a smart phone. Though, these social platforms have many benefits, there are also aspects of the application like Snapchat that seem negative. 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Analyzing Methods Used In Financial Reporting - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1560 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Nowadays, there are many different tools to help investor to analysis the stock market, but it can divided into two types which is fundamental analysis and technical analysis. Fundamental analysis is base on the corporation fundamental information, such as financial statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, prospective of the industry and so on. Technical analysis is relying on many technical skills, for example, Bar chart, moving average line, rsi, macd etc. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analyzing Methods Used In Financial Reporting" essay for you Create order In this report, we will analysis the usefulness and benefits of financial reporting to share purchasing or sale decisions by using the methods of efficiency market hypotheses (EMH), behavioral finance and financial information Capital market efficiency and efficiency market hypotheses (EMH) Capital market efficiency can investigate the efficiency and performance of capital markets. When news information available about particular company, if the news is bad, then the prices will drop, and if the news is good the prices will rise, capital market efficiency will revaluate its and fully reflect on the share prices reasonably and speedily. In this theory, the shares do not overvalue or undervalue, hence, nobody can make a profitable return or outperform the overall market by buying a under price shares or beat the market except by chance. There are three types of efficiency: Operational efficiency This is refers to the outlay, velocity and dependability of transactions in securities on the exchange. It is desirable that the market carries out its operations to minimize the cost as possible, dependably and quickly which can decrease the risk of the transaction, it also identified as an internally efficient market. Second is Allocation efficiency This is refers to the optimal allocation of resource, a company or society has a scarcity of resource which means theresource is not unlimited, therefore, allocational efficiency is designed for better allocation of resource to maximize the benefits. Pricing efficiency The participants can expect to gain a risk adjusted return from an investment as prices move suddenly and in an impartial approach to any news in the pricing efficient market. The efficiency market hypotheses (EMH) can only apply to type of pricing efficiency. According to EMH nobody can make a profit more than the fair value or outperform than the market, expect by chance, because past and present information is instantly indicated in the current prices, just new information can change the prices but new information is unpredictable, hence changes of future prices are unpredictable. There are three levels of efficiency which is created by Fama(1970): Weak-form efficiency Current prices of shares is fully reflect all past price movement, thus it can not be used to predict the future situation. Semi-strong form efficiency It not only contain past price movement in the share prices but also include all public information such as rights issues, dividend announcements, resignation of directors and so on. This type of EMH implies that no benefit on analysis the public information that has been announce since the information is assimilated into share prices already, therefore investor can not gain a return higher than normal. Strong-form efficiency The present share price is reflected all information in the market including private and public held. In the strong-from efficiency market even is insider such as director who will know more than normal investor. They also do not have advantage to generate a profit that exceeding the normal returns. Behavioral finance There are many attacks on the EMH by finance experts using the human behavioral literature and the knowledge of market. Since 1980s, there has a movement tend to absorb more behavioral science into finance. Behavioral finance is a theory that explains the effect of psychology on the behavior of the investor such as illogical or irrational decisions and the respond of succeeding effect with different situation on individual and the whole market. Behavioral finance merges with two subject which are economic and psychology, it is disguised the characteristics of market investors and the information structure systematically influence individuals investment decisions as well as market outcomes. The two major types of behavioral finance are limits to arbitrage (when markets will be inefficient) and the cognitive psychology (how people think). The most popular cognitive biases in finance are that investor unwillingness to realize losses. Investors tend to not confess that they have been m ade an error and evade selling the securities at losses. There are some of the most common cognitive biases: mental accounting, representativeness, overconfidence, framing, conservatism and disposition effect. Usefulness of financial information Financial information has a lot of purpose. For examples, participants can use financial information which can help them to realize the overall financial position of the corporation and determine whether or not to invest in the corporation, furthermore, it can assist them to recognize whether they can receive a positive return on their investment. When a company after positive earnings news is issued the prices will likely to continue upward for weeks or months. Also, prices will keep rising after a stock split is released. In opposite, when negative news is announced the prices will continue decrease. There is some most popular aspect when concerning the financial information: Depreciation It can report the true value of items that after depreciate over time such as equipment, buildings and cars. It is the ways that record the residual value of the assets. Current Ratio It is a very popular tool of financial analysis because they provide indication and sign of underlyi ng conditions. The ratio can help the investors to discover the situation and tendency that difficult to detect by examining individual components. For example: acid-test ratio, inventory turnover, accounts receivable turnover, total asset turnover and so on. Working Capital Working Capital is current assets less current liabilities. A company needs enough working capital to settle the current debts, to obtain benefit of cash discounts, and to hold adequate inventories. If company is running lower working capitals which indicate that the company is not likely to meet the current liabilities or to continue operating. When assessing a companys working capital, investors can not just look at the amount of current assets less current liabilities, also have to look at the ratio. The current ratio is defined as current assets divide by current liabilities. If the ratio is less then one, it implies that the company has not enough cash to pay its current liabilities which is risky for investors. The Income Statement It provides vast data for who interested in the financial health of the corporation. It presents how much profits are made after minus all expenses. If the expenses are too high, then it will get a low profit margin. In order to get a net income, the following expenses are deducted from revenue: selling and administrative expenses, taxes, cost of goods and other income and expenses. Taking HSCB annual reports of 2008, 2009 and 2010 as an example, when the corporation announced annual report on March at 2009, 2010 and 2011, it was recorded a profits which is 66milliona, 59 millions and 131millions respectively, after the announcement the stock continue to raise a period of time. Some research finds that financial information is useful in predicting future stock returns. Ou and Penman (1989) and Holthausen and Larcker (1992) demonstrate that financial information come from public financial statements can be use to successfully predict st ock returns for the coming period. In general, financial analysts are less willing to follow poor performing, low- volume, and small firms (Hayes 1998; McNichols and OBrien 1997), Ou and Penman (1989) show that an array of financial ratios created from historical financial statements can accurately predict future changes in earnings, while Holthausen and Larcker (1992) show that a similar statistical model could be used to successfully predict future excess returns directly. Conclusion To conclude this demonstrate by quoting Statman, Meir (1999) People are rational in standard finance; they are normal in behavioral finance. Rational people care about utilitarian characteristics, but not value-expressive ones, are never confused by cognitive errors, have perfect self-control, are always averse to risk, and are never averse to regret. Normal people do not obediently follow that pattern. Standard finance asks for too much when it asks for market efficiency in the rational sense, and investment professionals ask for too much when they insist that the primary contribution of behavioral finance is its potential help in beating the market. Accepting market efficiency in the sense of beating the markets and rejecting it in the sense of rationality would allow finance researchers to ask questions about the roles of investment professionals that go beyond the role of beating the market. Investment professionals belong to many groups, and we need to understand the benefits, both utilitarian and value expressive, they provide. EMH required all investors are rational, logical and unbiased, but in the real world it is difficult to do that, because human has felling, they can not always be rational, logical and unbiased, also there are many investors that lack of knowledge, they just follow the others which is similar to crowd psychology. Refer to the question form Mr. Right, EMH state that the share prices has already contain all the public information, in fact is that, we can see the example above, when the public information is issued, the share price will fluctuation influence by the news information for a period of time, therefore, investors to study the report and account of companies is very important. Furthermore, the behavioral finance is more suitable in the real words. Words Count: 1574

Male Gender Roles And Women - 2367 Words

In society today, boys and girls are taught by those around them that there are but two ways only to live a life- the manly way and the feminine way- and that to stray from one’s designated role in the world is unacceptable. Men in particular suffer from the confinement of gender roles and are exposed pitilessly to society’s punishing repercussions if one chooses to defy his preordained position. I myself have felt the pungent sting of the male gender role in my own life, having grown up alongside a twin brother who was about as â€Å"manly† as a boy can be. I can recall one day only a few years ago when I, thrilled and eager, was sitting down to watch my newly-purchased copy of the 25th Anniversary of The Phantom of the Opera- my absolute†¦show more content†¦That was simply who I was. It took time and much self-examination to eventually accept that there was nothing wrong with me. I was not inferior to or less of a man than any other male in the world- merely a victim to a long line of harmful misunderstandings of the male gender. Society has set a precedent of aggression, barbarity, and dominance for men to follow to be perceived as â€Å"normal†, effecting youth negatively and damaging one’s self-image. Men are influenced strongly everyday by the world around them to put aside traditionally feminine tendencies and behave like a man- beginning, first and foremost, in the home. The household serves as a boy’s initial introduction to the exclusive sector that is manhood. It is there that they are brought up and reared to be the strapping, virile man they are destined to become. It is rare to find a boy who is not at least familiar with the phrase â€Å"Wipe some dirt on it,† teaching them to â€Å"[employ] the automatic â€Å"I’m fine† response to almost any emotional difficulty† (Glazer 7) and fooling family members into thinking they are valiantly tough warriors, dismissing any po ssibility of help or protection. It is understood that boys run around and play in mud and scrape their knees while girls sit inside and play with dolls- any sign of the opposite being quickly ended by parents. Boys are also turned away from calling their mother and father â€Å"mommy† and â€Å"daddy† far sooner than

Scene 1 of Richard III Essay Example For Students

Scene 1 of Richard III Essay Shakespeare wrote Richard III as a tragedy by using his own interpretation of Richard, choosing his words, thoughts and opinions carefully as at the time of Shakespeare writing this play Queen Elizabeth had employed Francis Walshingham as the head of the Secret Service. Francis then recruited espionage agents to listen to the conversations that were spoken by the public. Richards character was written as though anyone of his family or friends could have been an agent of the Secret Service as he would hide his true feelings and thoughts whenever anyone came on stage even though he had just told the entire audience his intentions at the very start of the play, Dive, thoughts, down to my soul: here Clarence comes.  These actions were also present at the time of the plays being written.  In the soliloquy at the start of act 1 scene 1 Richard tells the audience what he intends to do throughout the play, and that is to become Annes husband and father,  Is to become her husband and her father.  By this, Richard means that to make amends for killing Annes husband and father-in-law he will marry her. That was one reason for marrying Anne but Richard has at least one more. As for another secret close intent  That could be to strengthen his right to the throne or just for the fun of a challenge. Or maybe he has two other reasons and that both of them are true. The language used at the end of act 1 scene 1 is written in verse, also when Richard calls Anne a wench and uses a well-known proverb  But yet I run before my horse to market  It is almost as though Richard has discarded royal heritage and become an average civilian.  The action of the play from the previous scene is continuous as Anne follows the corpse of Henry VI, her father-in-law, as he is carried to St. Pauls Cathedral. As the pallbearers put the corpse of Henry and Anne walks over and starts to lament his death. Whilst I awhile obsequiously lament  While Anne is lamenting, she mentions her dead husband, Edward  Wife to thy Edward, to thy slaughtered son,  Also during this speech, when Anne curses the murderer of her husband and father-in-law,  O, cursed be the hand that made these holes!  Cursed the heart that had the heart to do it!  Cursed the blood that let this blood from hence!  That makes us wretched by the death of thee  Than I can wish to wolves to spiders, toads,  Or any creeping venomed thing that lives  If ever he have child, abortive be it,  Prodigious, and untimely brought to light,  Whose ugly and unnatural aspect  May fright the hopeful mother at the view,  And that be heir to his unhappiness! I believe that Anne knows whom the murderer is because when she starts to talk about the murderers child it seems to me as though she is describing Richard and the first reaction of Richards mother when she first saw him. Another reason that has led me to believe that Anne knows Richard is the murder is that when she is cursing the murderer and the murderers wife she uses only male references,  If ever he have child,  And that be heir to his unhappiness. If ever he have wife,More miserable by the death of him   Then the reason she uses only male references could be that women might not have been thought capable of committing a single murder let alone two. As well as Anne cursing the murderer, she curses the murderers wife, should the murderer get married.  If ever he have wife, let her be made  More miserable by the death of him  Than I am made by my young lord and thee.  Again, this also backs up my idea that Anne knows who the murderer is.  The stagecraft that is used is very dramatic as the stage would suddenly fill at least nine actors and, as the body of Henry VI would only be covered with a cloth, it is highly likely that blood from Henrys wounds might have stained it. Another dramatic device used is repetition,  O, cursed be the hand that made these holes! .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673 , .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673 .postImageUrl , .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673 , .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673:hover , .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673:visited , .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673:active { border:0!important; } .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673:active , .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673 .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u920505ec0d50b8bc9a8da0bd45d7b673:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hard Times have credibility EssayCursed the heart that had the heart to do it!  Cursed the blood that let this blood from hence!  The animal imagery that Anne uses runs throughout the play,  Than I can wish to wolves, to spiders, toads.  As the procession is about to set off again Richard bursts in and orders the pallbearers to put Henrys body down,  Stay, you bear that corpse, and set it down.  In addition, when one of the guards points a halberd at his chest, Richard says raise your halberd and dont dare threaten me with it!

Colonization In The Theme Of Conrads Heart Of Darkness And Swifts A Mo

Colonization In The Theme Of Conrads Heart Of Darkness And Swift's A Modest Proposal Joseph Riley McCormack Professor Alan Somerset English 020 Section 007 Submission Date: March 22, 2000 Colonization in the Theme of A Modest Proposal and Heart of Darkness Starting at the beginning of the seventeenth century, European countries began exploring and colonizing many different areas of the world. The last half of the nineteenth century saw the height of European colonial power around the globe. France, Belgium, Germany, and especially Great Britain, controlled over half the world. Along with this achievement came a notable sense of pride and confident belief that European civilization was the best on earth and that the natives of the lands Europeans controlled would only benefit from colonial influence. However, not everybody saw colonization as positive for all those involved. Some of the most notable writers of the time produced works criticizing the process of colonization. Two of the most significant works in this area are Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Jonathan Swift's A Modest Proposal. Although these pieces of literature both criticize colonization, they have different themes. The theme of A Modest Proposal could be described as the negative effects of colonization on the colonized, while the central idea in Heart of Darkness is the negative effects of colonization on both the colonized and the colonizers. The differences in these themes are significant to the strategies used by the authors to explore the adverse effects of colonization. Swift makes great use of irony and imagery, to accentuate the plight of the Irish. Conrad comments on the frightening changes that people involved with colonization can go through by exploring character development and detailing a narrative of oppression. Swift uses irony in A Modest Proposal because it allows him to highlight the emotional detachment felt by the colonizing British towards the Irish. It is this emotional detached feeling that lead to the atrocities committed against the Irish citizens. The irony in A Modest Proposal is evident right in the title. There is certainly nothing modest about the proposal of eating the infants of impoverished Irish citizens. The irony accentuates how cruel and uncompassionate the powerful British Imperialists were, towards the destitute Irish population. The reader must realize that Swift is operating independently of the narrator in a covert manner (Phiddian 607). He develops the persona of the proposer to say exactly the opposite of what he feels. While the proposer suggests eating poor Irish children is particularly proper at merry meetings, particularly weddings and christenings, this could not be further from the opinion of Swift. Nor does Swift actually believe that this plan will incr ease the care and tenderness of mothers toward their children. (NA 1052) Moreover, the whole topic of cannibalism, is discussed with tongue in cheek and is meant to suggest that the British were devouring the Irish. Images of cruelty and evil put, forward by the narrator, weigh heavily in the theme of A Modest Proposal. Throughout the pamphlet, the reader is bombarded with disturbing imagery of Irish people and their children being treated like livestock raised for consumption. The narrator refers to the parents of the children as savages (NA 1050) and breeders (NA 1051) and dams (NA 1048). Then he compares the children to roasting pigs (NA 1050) and continues as if he were writing a cook book. He speaks of how delicious he thinks these infants would be whether stewed, roasted, baked or boiled (NA 1049) or served in a fricassee or a ragout (NA 1049). He describes how the carcasses (NA 1050) of these babies could be nicely seasoned with a little pepper or salt (NA 1050) and will be in season throughout the year (NA 1050). Flaying the carcass and using the skin of these babies to make admirable gloves for ladies, and summer boots for fine gentlemen (NA 1050) is another suggestion he puts forward. He expands beyond just slaughtering the infants for food and leather products by suggesting the possibility of hunting the adolescents for sport. He dismisses this idea because he imagines the flesh of the adolescents would be too tough for eating and because hunting them would reduce the breeding stock. He also has concerns that some scrupulous people

The Cali Cartel essays

The Cali Cartel essays For the last half-century Latin America has have been deeply involved with the foreign trade and production of drugs, primarily cocaine. The dominant economic player in this market is the highland country of Colombia, which has produced some of the most powerful and fearsome drug cartels to date. Through struggles between rival cartels, one cartel has evolved into the predominant force and emerged in the 90s as the most powerful drug cartel in the world. The Cali Cartels aspects of distribution, organization, involvement in government corruption, and overall control of the market has made it infamous throughout the world. Though in recent years its ability to maintain control is waning with increasing US intervention and opposition from other governments. In the 1980s the Colombian drug trade was at an all time high. At the forefront of the market was the Medellin Cartel lead by Pablo Escobar. Under the leadership of Escobar the cartel turned into the fiercest and most brutal force the Colombians faced. In efforts to control this epidemic the Colombian government cooperated with the smaller Cali Cartel in its battle against the Medellin Cartel. Cali provided intelligence to the government forces seeking to eliminate Escobar. As a result of helping the Colombian government defeat the Medillin Cartel and gun down Escobar, Cali replaced them as South Americas principal supplier of cocaine. Cali begins the cocaine trade by purchasing cocoa leaves from Bolivian, Peruvian and Colombian farmers. After it is processed into powdered cocaine in secret jungle labs the cocaine is moved from the surrounding Amazon jungle to the points of initial distribution in Colombia. The center of the Cali drug trade is in the third largest city of Colombia, Cali. The strength of Calis distribution depends on two aspects of its trade, the initial exportation of the cocaine to the international markets and the int...

Corporate Social Responsibility-GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Research Paper

Corporate Social Responsibility-GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) - Research Paper Example The healthcare industry is also projecting increased drug consumption after the introduction of healthcare laws. Currently, the mission of the business is more complicated than creating profits for the shareholders. The firms are judged not only on profit but also their principles (Jackson & Nelson, 2004). Organizations have a responsibility in fulfilling employees’ obligations, community, and the environment (Martin, 2002). In order for organization to maintain or restore public trust, it should practice corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility is regarded as a commitment that aligns with the corporate strategic goals concerning pressing societal issues, and portraying awareness of the community need in which the business works. Pharmaceutical industries have been pressured to practice corporate social responsibility, especially regarding the HIV/AIDS pandemic (Leisinger, 2005), and product recalls. GlaxoSmithKline has made several commitments in an effort to practice corporate social responsibility. It has introduced a Least Developed Country Patent Pool for tropical diseases medicines, which have been neglected due to lack of feasibility. Also, it will reduce prices of patented medicinal products in the least developed countries to 25%.In addition, increase funding for research on diseases in developing

PARADE FIELD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

PARADE FIELD - Essay Example rs of the Lyman Ward Military Academy [LWMA] to name a building for General Futch; they responded by offering Brunner the chance to select the appropriate venue himself. The problem with having a larger-than-life hero is that any building never seems quite grand enough to fit the bill. Frustrated and disappointed, Brunner headed to the parade field to think. He had inadvertently steered himself to the very field on which thousands of military service members had drilled, and no more appropriate tribute was conceivable once the notion had entered his head (Brunner 2). A mere two years after discovering his quest, Brunner and some of his fellow LWMA alumni had personally footed the bill for the construction of a monument to be placed on the field in the General’s honor. The response was overwhelming. The amount needed was soon met, and contributions were soon turned away. Fulch died that year at the age of ninety-six years- only one day short of ninety-seven; he was a survivor as a service member and as a civilian. He was laid to rest with full military honors in Arlington National Cemetery, and one of his daughters filled in for him as the guest of honor at the ceremony that officially dubbed the field the Brigadier General T.L. Futch Parade Field. It was made of brick- the very bricks that had graced the walls of his office in Russell Hall before it burned down in 1985. West Point also saw fit to include the dedication of the parade field in its July 1993 newsletter. A copy of this article, which was submitted by one of Futch’s daughters, stands today in West Point’s Tallapoosa Hall (Brunner 3-4). His division (the thirty-fifth) was legendary for its contributions to World War II and the fight against the Nazis. It was a desperate time following the attacks on Pearl Harbor, and men were afraid. It took strong men to lead them. Although not a general at the time, Futch fought valiantly and founded the legacy of military excellence for which he was known

Reducing plagiarism Essay Example for Free

Reducing plagiarism Essay The Council of Writing Program Administrators(2003) states that plagiarism is one of the most common issues seen in the colleges and universities. The school administration and teachers are concerned about this as it is affecting the students work. The problem with plagiarism is not only limited to the course work, but it started affecting the student publications, blogs, and research work according to the WPA council(2003). Every problem has a solution if tried to resolve, in the same way we can try to control this issue by implementing strict rules in schools and creating awareness among students about the importance of their own ideas. Plagiarism is presenting other’s ideas or work as one’s own. It is a form of cheating people by showing someone else’s effort as one’s own by taking away their credit and ignoring them. To gather certain information students refer to many sources, but they should try to understand the data and present it as understood along with citing the sources. Plagiarism is of three categories: intentional plagiarism, unintentional plagiarism, and self-plagiarism. Intentional plagiarism is stating others idea or work as one’s own without citing them. Unintentional plagiarism is ignoring or wrongly citing the small quotes or phrases taken from other sources. Self-plagiarism is submitting the same work for separate classes without actually doing them. The resources are there to utilize, but they are being misused. A work assigned to student in their academics helps in improving their knowledge by spending time on it to learn various topics and improve their thinking and individual ability. However, the situation is that students tend to plagiarize the work without learning or putting in any effort to understand what they do. This is resulting in the loss of ability to think among them; they are tending to make the work easier by copying instead of learning things. All these are resulting in reducing the standards in students so; the school administrations should take action against this by, teaching students the importance of one’s own originality, the need to learn things and implement strict rules against plagiarism. Controlling a problem is possible with small efforts, so does plagiarism. Teachers cannot solely provide a solution for this; students also need to put in their effort to reduce this problem. There are a few solutions to this issue: †¢Citation can reduce plagiarism. Citing the sources from where data is retrieved, shows that the student has put in the effort to learn the topic, moreover, in this  way the credit for original author is given. †¢Highlighting the small quotes or phrases taken from other sources and citing them would help is reducing plagiarism. †¢The school authorities should implement strict rules against plagiarism and make students aware of it. Teachers can have discussions with students regarding their academics and help students to overcome their problems. Some students’ plagiarize as they have fear in them that they cannot do a perfect work on their own and some as they cannot manage their time. Such students should speak to their teacher or adviser about how to overcome that fear and manage time, so that they can develop their own ideas. †¢Teachers should create awareness among students regarding the importance of developing one’s own thinking capacity. They should make the student aware of what issues might arise by plagiarism so that they would not choose it. †¢There are many tools available on the web to check for plagiarism, students can use them to avoid plagiarism and schools can use it to verify if it is the student’s original work. †¢Lastly, students should try to develop their interest towards their academics, which would help in reducing plagiarism. Knowledge is something, which increases by working on it, rather than copying and displaying someone else’s work as one’s own. The student should know the value of originality and try to improve it rather than ignoring it. Most importantly, credit is to be given for others work when using it in one’s own work by citing, which helps in reducing plagiarism.

Custom Essays: Fortinbras and the Good Life -- GCSE Coursework Shakesp

Fortinbras and the Good Life  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   Hamlet lives only part of the good life. He dies. Laertes lives only part of the good life. He dies. Fortinbras lives the good life. He becomes the king. The ultimate fates of these three characters describe how close each of them come to the good life. Hamlet and Laertes are at the edge of two extremes, while Fortinbras is somewhere in between. In a sense, not living the good life causes the demise of both Hamlet and Laertes, physically as well as mentally. In contrast, living the good life allows Fortinbras to become the king of Denmark and live out the rest of his life in peace. These three characters play out three very different aspects the good life; only Fortinbras lives the good life. The good life is one of overcoming obstacles, being true to oneself, and combining reason with emotion. The ability to deal with extreme losses--and even losses that are not so extreme--is a necessary part of anyone's life. Life is never perfect; all humans must deal with that state of imperfection. Hamlet is totally incapable of dealing with the death of his father, a major setback in his life. His state of mourning, at the beginning of the play, is not intrinsically terrible, as all humans must mourn the deaths of loved ones at some point in time. However, when Hamlet takes this mourning to extreme depression, saying of his father, "'A was a man, take him for all and all, / I shall not look upon his like again" (1.2, 187-188), he is implicitly telling the audience that it is beyond his capacity to cope with his father's death. In this admission, he is denying the first component of the good life: working through the difficult times in life. In his efforts to make his coping easier, and fo... ...onstructs of society. Anything else would be uncivilized. Works Cited Erlich, Avi. 1977. Hamlet's Absent Father. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Fineman, Joel. 1980. 'Fratricide and Cuckoldry: Shakespeare's Doubles.' In Representing Shakespeare: New Psychoanalytic Essays, edited by Coppelia Kahn and Murray M. Schwarz. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins Press, 70-109. Fleissner, Robert. 1982. ' "Sullied" Or "Solid": Hamlet's Flesh Once More.' Hamlet Studies 4:92-3. Fowler, Alastair. 1987. 'The Plays Within the Play of Hamlet.' In 'Fanned and Winnowed Opinions': Shakespearean Essays Presented to Harold Jenkins, edited by John W. Mahon and Thomas A. Pendleton. London and New York: Methuen. Freud, Sigmund. 1953-74. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works. 24 vols, trans. James Stachey. London: Hogarth.      

Pnb Project Report

Research Project on Application & Management of Information System in Punjab National Bank IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF MASTER’S DEGREE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY (2008-2010) Submitted by: Pratik Jain — 0781563908 Northern India Engineering College (N. I. E. C), Delhi Under the valuable guidance of: Mrs. Shaveta Kumar (Faculty, N. I. E. C) Subject: Information System Management Course Code: MS-205 Submitted on: 30 17 November, 2009 AcknowledgementThis formal piece of acknowledgement is an attempt to express the feeling of gratitude towards people who helped me in successful completion of research project. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Mr. B. D Sharma (branch manager, PNB), for his constant co-operation. He was always there with his competent guidance and valuable suggestion throughout the pursuance of this research project. Special thanks to Mrs. Shaveta Kumar, my internal coordinator who guided me to work honestly and to give valuabl e suggestion for improving my work.Above all no words can express my feelings to my parents, friends all those persons who supported me during my project. I would also like to thank almighty God for his blessings showered on me during the completion of project report. INDEX | | | | | |S. NO |Sub Topic |Topic Name |Page Number | | |S.NO | | | |1. |Acknowledgement |2 | |2. |COMPANY PROFILE | | | |1. |Origin – Punjab National Bank |4 | | |2. |Profile |5 | | |3. Vision and Mission |6 | | |4. |Financial Performance Comparison |7 | |3. |INFORMATION SYSTEM IN PNB | | | |1. |History of Information System in PNB |8 | | | |1. 2000- The Beginning | | | | |1. b 2001-2003- Long Term Strategy | | | | |1. c 2004-2007- Growth | | | | |1. d 2008- Rural Initiative | | | | |1. 2009- 100% CBS Implementation | | | |2. |Other Banking Applications |12 | | | |2. a Straight to Processing (STP) | | | | |2. b Depository Setup | | | | |2. Bank Mate & EDI | | | |3. |PNB IT Setup |13 | | | |3. a S ystems | | | | |3. b Network Design | | | | |3. Storage, WAN & Connectivity | | | | |3. d Security Systems | | | | |3. e Hardware & Software Resources | | | |4. |Organizations Other Computing Resource |15 | | | |4. Payroll TPS | | | | |4. b Online Assistance | | | | |4. c Account Opening – MIS | | | | |4. d SPNS, RTGS & Mobile Alert Service | | |4. IMPACT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM | | | |1. |Finacle’s Impact |16 | | |2. |Impact on Employees, Customers |17 | |5. |Available Alternatives |18 | |6. |Conclusion |19 | |7. Suggestion |20 | |8. |References |21 | Company Profile – Punjab National Bank Origin Established in 1895 at Lahore, undivided India, Punjab National Bank (PNB) has the distinction of being the first Indian bank to have been started solely with Indian capital.The bank was nationalized in July 1969 along with 13 other banks. From its modest beginning, the bank has grown in size and stature to become a front-line banking institution in India at pre sent. |[p|A professionally managed bank with a successful track record of over 110 years. | |ic| | |] | | |[p|Largest branch network in India – 4668 Offices including 432 Extension Counters spread throughout the country. |ic| | |] | | |[p|Strategic business area covers the large Indo-Gangetic belt and the metropolitan centers. | |ic| | |] | | |[p|Ranked as 248th biggest bank in the world by Bankers Almanac, London. |ic| | |] | | |[p|Strong correspondent banking relationships with more than 217 international banks of the world. | |ic| | |] | | |[p|More than 50 renowned international banks maintain their Rupee Accounts with PNB. |ic| | |] | | |[p|Well equipped dealing rooms; 20 different foreign currency accounts are maintained at major centers all over the globe. | |ic| | |] | | ProfileWith its presence virtually in all the important centers of the country, Punjab National Bank offers a wide variety of banking services which include corporate and personal banking, industria l finance, agricultural finance, financing of trade and international banking. Among the clients of the Bank are Indian conglomerates, medium and small industrial units, exporters, non-resident Indians and multinational companies. The large presence and vast resource base have helped the Bank to build strong links with trade and industry.With over 38 million satisfied customers and 4668 offices, PNB has continued to retain its leadership position among the nationalized banks. The bank enjoys strong fundamentals, large franchise value and good brand image. Besides being ranked as one of India's top service brands, PNB has remained fully committed to its guiding principles of sound and prudent banking. Apart from offering banking products, the bank has also entered the credit card & debit card business; bullion business; life and non-life insurance business; Gold coins & asset managementsbusiness,setc.Since its humble beginning in 1895 with the distinction of being the first Indian ba nk to have been started with Indian capital, PNB has achieved significant growth in business which at the end of March 2009 amounted to Rs 3,64,463 crore. Today, with assets of more than Rs 2,46,900 crore, PNB is ranked as the 3rd largest bank in the country (after SBI and ICICI Bank) and has the 2nd largest network of branches (including three overseas offices).PNB has always looked at technology as a key facilitator to provide better customer service and ensured that its ‘IT strategy’ follows the ‘Business strategy’ so as to arrive at â€Å"Best Fit†. The bank has made rapid strides in this direction. Along with the achievement of 100% branch computerization, one of the major achievements of the Bank is covering all the branches of the Bank under Core Banking Solution (CBS), thus covering 100% of its business and providing ‘Anytime Anywhere’ banking facility to all customers including customers of more than 2000 rural branches.The bank has also been offering Internet banking services to the customers of CBS branches like booking of tickets, payment of bills of utilities, purchase of airline tickets etc. Towards developing a cost effective alternative channels of delivery, the bank with more than 2150 ATMs has the largest ATM network amongst Nationalized Banks. With the help of advanced technology, the Bank has been a frontrunner in the industry so far as the initiatives for Financial Inclusion is concerned. With its policy of inclusive growth in the Indo-Gangetic belt.The Bank has launched a drive for biometric smart card based technology enabled Financial Inclusion with the help of Business Correspondents/Business Facilitators (BC/BF) so as to reach out to the last mile customer. The BC/BF will address the outreach issue while technology will provide cost effective and transparent services. The Bank has started several innovative initiatives for marginal groups like rickshaw pullers, vegetable vendors, dairy far mers, construction workers, etc. The Bank has already achieved 100% financial inclusion in 21,408svillages.Backed by strong domestic performance, the bank is planning to realize its global aspirations. In order to increase its international presence, the Bank continues its selective foray in international markets with presence in Hongkong, Dubai, Kazakhstan, UK, Shanghai, Singapore, Kabul and Norway. A second branch in Hongkong at Kowloon was opened in the first week of April’09. Bank is also in the process of establishing its presence in China, Bhutan, DIFC Dubai, Canada and Singapore. The bank also has a joint venture with Everest Bank Ltd. EBL), Nepal. Under the long term vision, Bank proposes to start its operation in Fiji Island, Australia and Indonesia. Bank continues with its goal to become a household brand with global expertise. Amongst Top 1000 Banks in the World, ‘The Banker’ listed PNB at 250th place. Further, PNB is at the 1166th position among 48 In dian firms making it to a list of the world’s biggest companiesscompiledsbysthesUSsmagazines‘Forbes’. Punjab National Bank continues to maintain its frontline position in the Indian banking industry.In particular, the bank has retained its NUMBER ONE position among the nationalized banks in terms of number of branches, Deposit, Advances, total Business, operating and net profit in the year 2008-09. The impressive operational and financial performance has been brought about by Bank’s focus on customer based business with thrust on SME, Agriculture, more inclusive approach to banking; better asset liability management; improved margin management, thrust on recovery and increased efficiency in core operations of the Bank. Vision and Mission Vision To be a Leading Global Bank with Pan India footprints and become a household brand in the Indo-Gangetic Plains providing entire range of financial products and services sssssssunder one roof† Mission â€Å"Ba nking for the unbanked† Performance Comparison over the years [pic] During the FY 2008-09, the bank achieved a net profit of Rs 3,091 crore, maintaining its number ONE position amongst nationalized banks. Bank has a strong capital base with capital adequacy ratio at 14. 03% as on March’09. As on March’09, the Bank has the Gross and Net NPA ratio of 1. 77% and 0. 17% respectively.During the FY 2008-09, its’ ratio of priority sector credit to adjusted net bank credit at 41. 53% & agriculture credit to adjusted net bank credit at 19. 72% was also higher than the respective national goals of 40% & 18%. Information System in PNB History of Information System at PNB 2000 – The Beginning In March 2000, the penetration and use of IT was not very high at PNB. PNB was relying on manual processes to collect, store, and analyze business data. Its retail branches were not connected and it was difficult for management to understand business drivers and impediment s.This situation made it difficult for PNB to provide optimum customer service and resulted in lost opportunities. Manual operations were also costly to support. The bank used seven different software, which ran on 13 different flavors of UNIX, on standalone PCs. The 500-odd branches were not networked and only 35 percent of the bank's business was computerized. The overall expertise in IT among users was low. The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) issued a directive to the bank to computerize at least 70 percent of its business by December 2000.This prompted the bank to work out a strategy to tackle the daunting task in the short period of time. At that time there were various factors which caused a barrier in implementing an Information System for centralized banking. These weaknesses were:- †¢ Different Unix OS used in different branches. †¢ Different standalone financial applications on PCs at different branches. †¢ Lack of interoperability due to disparity in sys tems. †¢ Limited expertise on the software packages currently deployed. †¢ Most branches did not have a proper LAN in place.PNB hired a consultant and devised a two-pronged plan of action. The plan comprised: †¢ A short term goal – To meet the CVC deadline of 70 percent computerization. †¢ A long term goal – To create a dependable core banking infrastructure and build a nationwide network to connect different branches to the core infrastructure. PNB chose a product from a company called Nelito. It was a DOS-based, ‘Partial Branch Automation' application. Standalone versions were chosen since there weren't LANs in place, and deployment of LANs at branches would take so long that the CVC deadline couldn't be met.The interface was simple in design, and thus easy for the bank personnel to use. The bank requested CVC for an extension of the deadline and was granted time till March 2001. By March 2001, 70. 60 percent of the bank's business was compu terized. 2001-2003 – The Long Term Strategy In the long-term, PNB wanted a technology that would consolidate all its business resources and sustain the bank's future growth. It also wanted to create its own network, which would play a vital role in its success. Three consultants were appointed to review technology options for long-term adoption.The verdict of the consultants was to deploy a centralized core banking architecture. On 30 March 2001, the bank used the services of Infosys for the deployment of Finacle. A core team was selected, which would be the heart of the project. Infosys trained 200-odd personnel from a core team over six months. The core team modified and customized the package according to its specific needs. As the time passed besides making a mark in terms of revenues, the bank— among the few technology-savvy PSUs—set up examples for other banks, especially PSUs in early of this decade.Institute for Development and Research in Banking Techno logy (IDRBT), a division of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), presented PNB with the award for excellence in banking technology in 2002. This was quite an achievement considering that the technology transformation started only two-and-a-half years back at PNB. In March 2000, the bank had only 36 percent of its businesses covered on computers, as against 84 percent in 2002. PNB purchased servers, security infrastructure, and storage equipment and decided to house it in its own central data center in New Delhi.A lot of infrastructure from Cisco has been used to build the data center. In April 2002 the bank rolled-out Finacle in 7 branches as a pilot venture. This was done because the bank had seven different application packages, and it wanted to ensure smooth migration of the data into Finacle. By mid May 2002, all data from other software was successfully migrated into Finacle and by end of year, the number of locations has increased to 12. As far as the centralized core banking syst em is concerned, PNB has a data centre at the corporate office and all these 12 centers have an extension to that data.This system enables an individual having an account in any of our branches to conduct transactions/operate the account from any of these 12 branches. 2004-2007 – The Growth Stage In 2004, India's National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM) nominated Punjab National Bank (PNB) as the best user of technology in its sector. The bank continued to spread the technology to more of its branches and centers. The adoption of Core Banking Solution not only ensured standardization of products, but also enabled quick launch of the new and innovative financial products ensuring sufficient lead time to market it.The core banking solution offered seamless platform for integrating various such initiatives and also reduces the cost of transaction, thereby offering financial products at an affordable cost. On May 27,2004 Punjab National Bank (PNB) has intr oduced Loans and Advances Data Desk for Evaluations and Reports, (LADDER), a computerized management information system for rationalization of returns, asset classification and provisioning, credit monitoring and NPA management. The implementation of the system comprised two modules. The first module would require branches to capture data on borrowal accounts as a | |one-time activity with transaction updates at periodic intervals. | |   | |The second module for implementation of the software envisages collection of information on the loan accounts from the stage of receipt of | |application to disbursement of sanctioned loans. | | |With the implementation of this system, manual collation of a large number of loan-related returns become redundant and branch staff | |concentrated on business development and objective monitoring of asset quality. | 2008 – Rural Initiative Infosys Technologies Ltd (Infosys) and Punjab National Bank (PNB) in 2008 announced that PNB has chosen Finacle from Infosys to power its core banking initiative for rural banking deploying Finacle across PNB’s six Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) covering 1300 branches.Punjab National Bank took lead in business excellence and commitment to customers by providing core banking coverage to its 4850 service outlets. Due to the remoteness of rural branch locations, there were issues such as connectivity of branches for operational ease, centralization of data, and enhancement of customer service as well as innovation in banking products. Moreover, all this is needed at a substantially lower cost for RRBs as their operations were relatively less complex. Finacle from Infosys recognized this need of RRBs and adapted its industry leading core banking solution to suit the requirements of these institutions.PNB management selected this platform to transform and standardize the operations of its RRBs. A majority of Indian banks were already ahead in terms of adoption of new age technology. Ex tending the benefits of technology to RRBs helped sponsor banks in not just priority sector lending but also present an additional business avenue with tremendous potential. Finacle enabled RRBs to better manage audit processes, adhere to statutory compliance, enhance internal MIS requirements and offer customers competitive services on par with commercial banks. 2009 – 100% CBS ImplementationIn Feb, 2009 India's second largest public sector bank, announced that it has completed 100 per cent core banking implementation at its 4604 branches and extension counters through the FinacleaUniversalaBankingaSolutionafromaInfosys. The bank implemented industry-leading Finacle CBS across its operations running a flexible and scalable database platform from Oracle and innovative and cost-effective Sun SPARC enterprise serversafromaSunaMicrosystems. Finacle has enabled the bank to consolidate and centralize its operations, improving branch efficiency and productivity per employee.Consoli dation has also resulted in reduction of revenue leakage and cost, while increasing ease of technical support and maintenance at branches. The solution's scalability has also enabled the bank's scalability to be the best in the countryawithatheanumberaofapeakatransactionsaata3. 5amillion. Further, the bank has covered all the branches under CBS platform including extension counters. As a result, 38 million PNB’s customers are enjoying the facility of â€Å"one bank – one account†. In addition, the bank has intended to build a data center capable of handling business of 6000 branches and 1 lakh terminals.The bank was awarded â€Å"IBM green award† for adopting environment friendly technology for data warehouse implementation during the year. Other Banking Applications The banking major also introduced a number of value added services like ATMs, Tele-banking, SMS banking, mobile banking and Internet banking, remote access facility through its website, etc. under a license from RBI to launch Internet banking. The bank also enabled customers to avail of the Straight to Processing (STP) facility. The biggest advantage of STP is that if a person with an account in Delhi deposits a cheque in Chennai, his account in Delhi gets updated the same day.PNB’s team has also customized this package to suit the typical requirements of a public sector bank. â€Å"As PNB handles huge number of government accounts—public provident fund, deposit of income tax, deposit of different duties and treasury payments, PNB had to customize it and also built a module for government businesses into this package. The bank also has a depository set-up (to store dematerialized share certificates) at its corporate office in New Delhi and another in Mumbai. Customers owning shares and bonds can deposit them at these depositories after which the hard copies are destroyed.The bank, on the other hand, keeps a digital copy of all these documents. Thus, one d oes not have to bother about the loss of paper, or a signature that does not match and so on. Customers can now instruct the bank at any point of time to transfer these securities. Another very interesting development with PNB is its contract with Indian Railways. It is putting up an ATM machine at the New Delhi station’s reservation office, which is going to be a interface between the Railways’ server and the bank’s server.Once this is functional, customers can collect their tickets from the ATM machine and the payment can be made using credit or debit cards. Once this is successful and the interface is done, the bank plans to enable all their ATMs across the country on this platform. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is another technology initiative that the bank has taken up. It has entered into an agreement with the Customs department wherein the Customs’ server is connected with the bank’s corporate office server, which is further connected to several branches of PNB and also to importers.Thus, whatever duties are required to be deposited with the Customs department can be debited from the importer’s (read customer’s) account automatically. The pilot project for this has already been carried out and the bank plans to introduce this service soon. The PSU has also introduced bilingual software known as Bank-mate. With the help of this software one can generate reports in Hindi and also can get his/her passbook in Hindi. This is already in operation at around various branches and PNB is also getting orders for this package from other banks. PNB’s IT SetupPNB also has a number of applications running on its network like any other Financial Institution. The bank has standardized all its platforms on UNIX operating system and RDBMS on Oracle. Other OS like Microsoft’s windows 2000/ XP are also enabled in centers. As far as the hardware platform is concerned, PNB has Sun Microsystems’ Web serv ers at the data centre. Apart from this, they are also using Compaq, IBM and Xeon servers. At some locations, the bank is still using DOS machines to run some of their ATMs. Systems Before deploying the core banking architecture, PNB used servers which were NT-based, from IBM, and from other vendors.The bank conducted benchmarking tests for Finacle on various server platforms. And it was satisfied with the performance of Sun's hardware on Solaris. Sun's Fire servers, Solaris OS, and Oracle's RDBMS are now in use. Network design Cisco has tied up with PNB to evolve the network design and implement a nationwide network backbone to connect all its offices. Cisco will assist the bank in understanding and implementing the various technologies associated with the project. The converged network infrastructure allowed PNB to standardize the applications and software needed to provide the banking services.The various branches are connected to the data center using new-world routing and switc hing technologies. Storage systems The bank has followed RBI's storage requirement guidelines. Provisions have been made to store transaction data for around 10 years. In some cases, data is stored permanently. Around 164 Sun enterprise class servers are used in DAS architecture. The total capacity is of multiple TBs. The Sun hardware uses an in-built storage management tool. Later look over a storage management application from VERITAS. WAN and connectivity 101 branches of the bank were on a WAN in 2000.The bank put 500-odd branches on the WAN in 2002, and in three years the WAN had 2000-odd branches. The bank tried a number of connectivity options. 802. 11b wireless connectivity was installed in five branches to begin with. The bank then explored the option of leased lines and used connectivity from MTNL and BSNL. It also used Bharti's leased line between Mumbai and Delhi. The bank also used Reliance Infocomm's fiber optic backbone along with the leased lines in locations where th e optic fiber does not reach. PNB had appointed HCL Com-net to carry out 24Ãâ€"7 monitoring of the countrywide network.There's a live link between HCL and PNB's IT head office. The network is monitored remotely and can also be viewed at the bank's IT facility, where a separate monitoring system is used. Security Systems Security was especially important because the bank could afford no compromise. The security architecture had to be robust, reliable, and scalable to meet current and future needs. Cisco was chosen as the service provider who could meet these stringent requirements. The bank uses a range of security products like Firewalls and IDSs from Cisco for its security needs in its LANs and WAN.All data transactions between its routers and switches are encrypted. It has appointed Ramco Systems as the security integrator. The security integrator is responsible for the complete security infrastructure and is answerable for any security breach or lapse. The bank appointed securit y administrators. VeriSign provided the necessary Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to the bank for secure transactions. Software Resources PNB is using various software’s for its operational activities for its smooth and efficient running, the Software used by PNB include:-  ¬ Microsoft office 2003 Acrobat Reader  ¬ Bank-mate  ¬ Attack Filters: – Spyware, Trojan, VoIP etc.  ¬ Protocols: – IP, VLAN, DNS, HTTP, FTP, TCP, TELNET, UTP etc.  ¬ Operating System’s:- UNIX, Solaris, Windows NT, 2000 Server, XP etc..  ¬ Databases: – MS Access, MS SQL, Oracle, FoxPro. Hardware Resources To fulfill the requirement and as per compatibility with software these hardware are used:-  ¬ HCL, IBM etc Desktops,  ¬ Printer  ¬ NT Based servers from IBM,  ¬ Sun’s hardware for Solaris,  ¬ Network Cards.  ¬ Routers, Scanners etc†¦ Organizations Other Computing Resources Payroll Transaction Processing SystemPayroll TPS, which is a typical accounting transaction processing system found in PNB. A payroll system keeps track of the money paid to employees. The master file is composed of discrete pieces of information (such as a name, address, or employee number) called data elements. Data are keyed into the system, updating the data elements. The elements on the master file are combined in different ways to create reports of interest to management and government agencies and to send paychecks to employees. Management notices the record of the employee’s efficiency to work and may declare added bonus or other incentive.This report is checked and approved by the branch manager after which cheque is issued to the employee. Online Assistance PNB provides its customers online assistance by providing i-banking, online complaints, providing them information about various products and services. These complaints and assistance are processed by customer care services executive. Account Opening In account opening the MIS is used, every information about the customer is recorded like their name, address, account, type of account, account information, their sample signature, these helps in Identification of customer instantly and creating a database at faster rate.This includes the filling of KYC and AC forms. SPNS (Shared Payment Network System) Swadhan, the first SPNS launched in Mumbai by IBA. The banks that participate on this network could issue the cards to customers for transacting on networks. RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement) RTGS System is a payment settlement system that minimizes the credit risk in the prevalent cheque clearing system. Under RTGS the funds are settled on a near real time basis across Banks in different locations.Bank offers this immediate electronic fund transfer facility to RTGS enabled bank branches across through the country its designated RTGS enabled locations. Mobile Alert Service The clients now have the facility to subscribe to Mobile Alert Service for receiving alert s on registered mobile phone numbers instantly after the funds are pooled. Impact of Information Systems An information system is there to empower its users. A database simply provides data, but an information system is all about providing the best information the user needs to do their task more effectively.It also takes into account that different users doing their own specific tasks may need to see their information presented in differing ways. The benefits of an information system follow when the user can quickly access, understand and respond correctly to that information. The implementation of Information Systems in PNB and other financial institutions had a vast impact on the Employees (the way they work), Customers, The industry & Government. The system provides information on the past, present and project future and on relevant events inside and outside the organization. Finacle’s ImpactFinacle core banking solution is a comprehensive, integrated yet modular business solution that effectively addresses the strategic and day-to-day challenges faced by banks. It is highly parameterizable providing that much-needed flexibility to adapt to a dynamic environment. The solution has an integrated CRM module enabling banks to offer a rich and differentiated value proposition to customers. The layered Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), STP capabilities, web-enabled technology and 24 X 7 operations ensure multi-channel, multi-country and multi-currency implementations.The functionality-rich modules in the solution provide banks with a varied palette of features to continuously innovate on their product and service offerings. With Finacle core banking solution, banks can meet the challenges of managing change, competition, compliance and customer demands effectively. †¢ Differentiated Product Spread Finacle core banking solution offers an unlimited palette of features for banks to design and deploy products for varying market segments.The product bu ndling capabilities of the solution offers a wide range of possibilities for banks to create products with innovative features. The facilities provided for differential pricing, channel rules and customization through Finacle Studio – the scripting engine, empower banks to continuously innovate and extend their suite of products, across segments. †¢ Agile Operations The Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) enables the IT team at the bank to effect changes without touching the base code, ensuring lesser vendor dependency and faster adaptability to changing business conditions. Robust Cross-sell Framework The CIF and CRM capabilities in Finacle offer a unified view of the customer across the entire solution and across multiple back-end applications, enabling the bank to view the customer from a completely informed angle. This empowers banks to effectively manage customer relationships and aggressively explore cross-sell opportunities. †¢ Increased Operational Efficienc ies and Productivity Finacle core banking solution supports business events automation and process orchestration, thus eliminating manual tasks and reducing process time.The elimination of error and data redundancies also results in increased branch productivity. Straight through Processing (STP) abilities enhance reduction in turnaround and processing time, increasing output and enabling speedy completion of tasks. The multilingual web-based single repository of information enables remotely located bankers to collaborate and transact seamlessly. Impact on Employees Information System serves employees with user friendliness, easy storage and access of data, removal of redundancies, fastening up of the processes and providing up of multiple views at same time.In beginning the issues were mostly cultural. Most staffers were used to working in a manual environment, and some had worked in standalone environments. In the new networked environment, personnel at the node/counter didn't act ually ‘see' the transactions updating in the various account books. This gave rise to a number of queries and suggestions from personnel. It took around six-eight months for the personnel to felt that the environment ‘change' had done them good, and they were used to working on the systems. Other Available AlternativesThe Indian banking sector is slowly coming of age and hand grooming this sector is the banking solution market, which has carved a name for itself in the global arena. Not to forget the pro-active government reforms that are helping the Indian banking market reach greater heights and adding glitz and glamour to Indian economy as a whole. Other then Finacle from Infosys there are various available alternatives for which the banking industry and financial institutions can opt. These are:- †¢ Office Accounting Professional 2009 †¢ SAP ERP Financials †¢ Tally 9: Financial Accounting and Inventory Management Software †¢ Flexcube – â₠¬Ëœi-flex solutions’ Hyperion Financial Management – System 9 While in past i-flex solutions’ flagship product Flexcube has been rated the #1 banking product in the world by UK based IBS, an independent banking solutions rating vendor, but Infosys Technologies’’ Finacle doesn’t took long enough to overtake Flexcube. But now a day’s SAP ERP programmes are giving a tough competition to Finacle. Conclusion A management information system is a system or process that provides the information necessary to manage an organization effectively. MIS and the information it generates are generally considered essential components of prudent and reasonable business decisions.This report starts with the Punjab National Bank with overview of PNB followed by history of information system and the steps taken by PNB to be effective in banking industry by using information’s technology. Information Technology (IT) innovations in the last few years have changed the landscape of banks in India. Today, IT seems to be the prime mover of all banking transactions. Electronic and Information Technology together are bringing a swift change in the way banks operate, especially offering better delivery channels and customers’ friendly services.Anywhere banking, telebanking, mobile banking, net banking, automated teller machine(ATMs), credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, call centers, CRM, data warehousing have totally transformed the banking industry. Today almost all the major banks in India like ICICI Bank, UTI Bank, Citibank, Standard Chartered Bank, ABN Amro, SBI and PNB are offering online services to their customers. ATMs have emerged as the most favored channel for offering banking services to the customers in the world.One of the biggest benefits that the bank has derived out of IT has been the tremendous saving on recruitment front—the bank has not recruited more staff even while the business and work pressure s have gone up five times. Consequently, PNB’s profitability has also increased. To train users the bank has set up more than 15 computer training labs across the country. It explains all the TPS how the transactions are made by the bank, using of these TPS from the new events such as account opening, new allowances etc†¦ to the routine work including cash and payments record, updating of records, payroll and the processing of the complaints.These TPS holds all the activities from the manager and employees to the customers. The report discuses the inbound and the outbound logistics and relate all the processes of TPS used in the bank with the Information System is enabling the bank to provide the quality and satisfactory services to their customers. Suggestions The bank is using information system efficiently and it has increased the customer satisfaction, efficiency, data storage, fast data retrieval. But to improve more and regarding future success of PNB here are the some suggestions. The bank must update Hardware to get maximum performance from Information Systems in order to allow the IS to procure the least amount of system resources it requires for functioning.  ¬ The bank should update all their software, networks etc to keep information system up to date for competitive edge, customer satisfaction.  ¬ Steps should be taken to increase the safety & to avoid the unethical practices like phishing.  ¬ Need for improved training for using Information Technology and tools to employees.  ¬ Intra firm communication should be improved.References Websites:- http://www. networkmagazineindia. com/200305/tech4. shtml http://www. expresscomputeronline. com/20021202/banks7. shtml http://www. business-standard. com/india/news/pnb-to-implement-loan-data-software/151819/ http://www. financialexpress. com/news/pnb-in-networking-pact-with-cisco/64296/ http://www. pnbindia. com/ http://netpnb. com/ Books:- PNB Vision 2007-2008 Zonal Training Centre Gui de. ———————– (The name you can bank upon) All Banks Average Punjab National Bank (Performance Chart) (Amount in Rs Crore)